Industrial risk is either linked to large-scale accidents or to the normal operation of facilities and the resulting chronic pollution of the environment.

As regards large-scale accidents, the paper raises issues about the quantification of these risks, as well as about their management, especially in terms of prevention and compensation.

Chronic risk management is discussed in relation to scientific developments, the economy and the response of the authorities who implement public policies aimed at preventing or reducing the environmental impact of industrial activities. The article highlights the many difficulties associated with such procedures.

Lastly, after having underlined the vague wording of the precaution principle and the legal insecurity that it can generate for those subject to it, the undesirable effects of the principle are described, which include excessive reference to the zero risk solution, disproportionate use of worst-case scenarios and the reversal of the burden of proof.